Dumping apparatus



Jain. 25,1927;

RjRADDAT'z DUMP ING APPARATUS original Filed Ju1y-25, 1923- 3 sheets-sheet a INVENTOIL` Passed Jas. 25, 1927.

UNITED ASTATES PATENT OFFICE. i

MENTS, To woon HYDRAULIC nois'r a GAN. l

BODY COMPANY, A GORYORATION OF MICEL DUMPING APPARATUS.

Application sied J'uiy 23, 1923, serial No. 653,108. Renewed December s, 192s.

l This invention relates to improvements in dumping apparatus, with' particular reference to apparatus for tilting vehicle bodies- (box or platform) to dumping position.

In such apparatus it is of great imporbel expended should be -as nearly uniform as "possible at all' .ta-nce that the power to stages ot' the dumping operation. But the requirements for clearance, economy of space and 'adaptability for use iii association with vehicle driving and brake mechanisms g are `each ot' ,such importance and conlict to such an' extent, that it has heretofore been found necessary. to'sacri-ice 1n whole or 1n part one or more of these requirements in order to satisfyv the others suiiicicntly to.

produce a commercially practical structure. l The primary object of this invention is to substantially meet all of. the above requirements in a single, well organized and dur-:

able structure.

More specifically stated, theobject is to provide means whereby a horizontally movable member, such as the piston of a motor or jack cylinder disposed longitudinally `of the vehicle underneath the platform and adture ofpower andwithout material waste or loss of energy. In other words, the object is to provide means whereby liquid maybe pumped into a horizontal motor cylinder under substantially uniform pressure while swinging substantially horizontally disposed loadlifting levers 'from their normal position to the dumping position without developing excessive thrust strains, cramping pressures or frict'ional losses.

This application is a continuation ol my .former application, Serial Number 239,505, Filed June 12, 1918,` and allowed February 3,1923. p In the drawings:- i

-Figure 1 is a. side elevation of a motor driven truck embodying this invention with `dotted lines indicating the dumping posi tion of the body and its actuating lever.

aeent to its rear axle, may be so 'connectedl Figure2 isa plan view of the same with the box or platform removed.

Figure 3 is a-'detail'view in side elevation ot' the y controlling levers and associated parts detached and viewed from the side opposite that illustrated in Fig. 1. Figures 4 and 5 are sectional views drawn, respectively, on lines L14-4: and 5-5 of Fig.- 2. y

Figures 6, 7 8 and 9 areforce diagrams.

Figure 10 is a pressure diagram or fluid pressure chart.

Like parts are identified by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

The main frame 1 of the truck is supported from the axles 2 in the ordinary manner. Thebox or platform 3 is supported from the tilting frame 4 by cross beams 5 and these` parts 3, 4 and 5 are herein referred to as 'constituting the body. This body is pivotally connected "with the rear. end of the mainI frame 1 at 6, the main frame having upwardly extending projections or brackets 7 interacting with correspond-ing` depending projections 8 on the body, thepivot-shaft 6 passing through said projections. The central portion of the body is provided with depending brackets 9 in which one or more rollers 10 are journaled, the rollers being positioned to receive the pressure of the lifting levers 14 when the latter are swung upwardly.

The .lifting levers 14 normally occupy a substantially horizontal position vand these levers are preferably located between the I i main frame l and the tilting frame L1. Each i lever 14 is provided with depending brackets 15 pivotally connected withv the main trame by a cross bolt orfshaft 16, which extends through one or more elements o`f the main frame 1 and constitutes the -fulcrum or pivotal axis vabout which the lever swings. ,a

In the construction shown there are two levers 14 and both of them are actuated from a iuid pressure jack orV motor having a substantially horizontally disposed cylinder18and a piston 19 connected with the levers by a piston rod 20. cross head 21, and links 22. Two of these links 22 are preferably ;p'ivotedto each lever at 23, one on lili cach side of the lever, whereby the pull upon the lever is balanced. rlhe cross head is provided with wheels or rollers 25 at its respective ends which travel upon supporting trackways 26 carried by the main frame 1` thereby relieving the piston rod 2O from cramping strain or pressure. It will be observed in Figure 4 that the piston rod extends loosely through an aperture 27 in the cross-head 21 and is provided with a head piece 28 having a spherically rounded inner surface 29 socketed in the cross head, thereby forming, in effect, a ball and socket joint. The head piece has threaded engagement with the piston rod and is secured in position by the cotter pin 30. This construction allows for slight variations in the posi- `tion of the crosshead without transmitting cramping strains to the piston rod. llt not only avoids the necessity for exact positioning of the cross head inthefirst instance, such as would otherwise be necessary but it also avoids the injurious effects of torsional and other .strains on the cross head during load lifting operations.

Fluid under pressure is supplied to and withdrawn from the cylinder 18 by a pump 33 through the pipes or ducts 3l and 35, respectively. ln the construction shown, the pump 83 delivers the power fluid lo the front end of the jack cylinder through the pipe 3st to move `the piston rearwardly for a load lifting operation, the fluid (preferably oil) being drawn by the pump from the rear end of the cylinder 18 through the pipe. Jl ley-pass duct 3G may be utilized to allow 'they liquid to circulate witlnnlt-A passingr to the jack cylinder when it is desired to hold the body in a raised or partially raised position. rl`he by-pass 3G is lprovided with a valve at 37 normally actuated to a closed position by .a spring 38 connected with the valve actuat ing vlever 39. 'lhis lever is automatically .swung to valve opening position when the Cross head 21 is at the limit of its rearward movement. t rod 40,- connected with the valve lever, passes loosely through a bracket lllvon the cross head and is provided ,with an adjustable piece or nut 4:2 on its rear end. lllhen the cross head approaches the end of its, rearward stroke the bracket Lll engages the nut l2 and pulls the rod Ll-O rearwardly, thereby swinging lever 3f) to valve opening position. rl`l1e valve .'37 may also be inanuallv opened by means ofthe lever fl-l. rock shaft lll', arm l5 and link rod elli, the latter connecting lever ll with valve lever 39.

lower to operate the pump tlf'l may be derived from a motor driven shaft Il? through the 'sprocket wheel fl-tl, chain Llll,- sprocket wheel and knuckle jointed shaft 51. The

sprocket wheel lll is normally loose on shaft di but may he coupled thereto by clutch member slnltable on the shaft lf? by means of a lever 54e operating through link Laietana 55 and bell crank 56, the latter having a forkedarm loosely engaging the `shifting member 53. l

To prevent free movement of theA body Cl due to momentum or to the shifting of' the load rearwardly across the main fulcruin (i the body is preferably provided with hooks which engage proJect-ions or studs 6l at the forward or upper ends of the levers lllv when the latter are at the limit of their upward stroke. The levers are preferably provided at these ends with rounded or beveled rudolf bearing s urfaces 62 adapted to allow the body to gradually come to rest during the linal lifting movement of the levers.

rlhe mode of operation is as follows: AssumincTV the center of gravity of the load to be at the point (j (Figures l and (l), and the engine running, the operator may dump the load by merely raising lever trl, thereby coupling sprocket wheel lo with the engine driven shaft All". Motion will thereupon be transmitted to ope ate the pump 3?), which may be assumed to be an ordinary rotaryv pump. As the pressure builds up in front of i the piston 19, the initial"movement ot' the latter. after taking up the so-called slack, is applied to the load as indicated in Figure 6 'in which the distance c-l indicates the length of the moment arm of the lever 1l and the distance c-c indicates the distance of the load from the yfulcrum. 'lhe load y is in a vertical plane through the points c at which the power is applied to the body and therefore thc distance from the main or body fulcruni l is notniaterial while the parts are in that position.

.lint it is obvious that as soon as the body 'commences to lift, the load y (center of gravity) is shifted toward the vertical plane through main fulcrum (l slowly at filst'and then in a relatively accelerating ratio as itsI arc of movement approaches a horizontal direction. rlhe effect of this is at first more than counteracted by the lengthening of the load arms of leviers 14, which act at a shorter radius. Bates the levers lil move upwardly, the links 22 swing toward the horizontal plane of piston rod 2O thereby increasing the length of 'the moment arm, i. e., the fective radius at which the power is applied to the levers, and this prevents the levers from being subjected to a 1 xak load during the first quarter of their stroke.

1llli'lh all features taken inlo consideration, it possible to tilt the load carrying body from normal to dumping position.y with a substantially uniform or slightly incrcz'lsing expenditure ofpower, as represented by` the pressure of fluid in the jack cylinder and as indicated by the pressure diagram shown in lFigure l0. During they final stages, when the center of gravity o is most rapidly appreachingT the vertical plane of the pivot shaft 6, the load. arms of levers '1l are not lili only lengthened, but the moment arm is shortened as shown in Figure 9.

During'the load lifting movement, the operator retains tull'control, not only through the clutch operating lever 54 but also through the lever 44, which venables-him to by-pass the pumped part, at any stage. The load may be partially dumped, and the vehicle moved before completing the -dumping opei'ation. The body may be lowered by opening the by-pass and stopping the pump, or it may, if -dev'sii-ed, be lowered by fully opening the bypassgwliile the pump is in operation, this being dependent, ot' course onl the relative capacity of the by-pass to that ofthe pump and its supply and delivery passages.

The piston rod is relieved of lateral or cramping strain by the cross head and its Friction of the cross;

associated supports.

head on its supports is reduced to a minimum by the anti-friction rollers 25. 'By 1ocating the'ja'ck cylinder and cross-head a substantial distance above the main. frame 1 these parts are protected and the clearance ot' the vehicle't'or passage over obstructions in the roadway is in no way affected by the presence ot' the opera-ting mechanism. This t location of the cylinder and cross head' also makesit possible. to position the levers 14 above the main frame, andtheir fulcrumpivots c1G above the lower margins of the iii-ame at a point where these tulcruin pivots 16, the pivotal connections23 of the links 22 and thebearingpointsofthe rollers 10 on thelevers 14 will be substantially in a line at an angle ot nearly 45 from the horizontal plane ot' the main frame. The links 22 normally stand at an angle nearly perpcn` dicular to said line, whereby the pivot bearing 16` is almost wholly relieved from resultant axial thrust pressures. There isa little loss of power dueto 'the resultant pressure ot the rollers 25 on their associated trackways, but this isnegligible.

The frame 4is constructed and supported from the main frame 1 in such a manner that the; cylinder may be located 'above the pivot shaft 6 (main ulcrum in Figures 6 to 9) and the pivot 'shaft or pins 16 of the liftingy levers 14 may be located substan-A tially above the rear aXle of the vehicle, the levers swinging upwardly and rearwardly' with the bod-y, and the connections between the piston and the levers, being tension connections. Tliisfarrangeinent allows the rear end portions of the levers 14 to act initially upon the load directly underneath its cen-` ter o'tf gravity and at but a short distance in front of the rear axle, the center of gravity' of the normal load being located between the front and rear axles but as near to therearf axle as is consistent-with stability under.

varying load carrying and dumping conditions. The arrangement of the dumping liquid in whole or in mechanism as above described also allows a lever movement in the same direction that the body tilts. This is also a feature' of great importance in avoiding power losses.v

With the mechanism above described, the4 speed of the vehicle engine and of the pump may be kept substantially constant, the resistance offered by the liquid in the jack cylinder being .substantially constant. Theretore, a slow 'steady body tilting movement is possible, strains mayV be"accurately calculated in advance and the necessaryv strength required in the various structural parts much more definitely determined than in dumping mechanisms as heretofore constructed.

I claim ',1.- In an oscillatory hoisting mechanism, a

traine, a motor thereon, a body oscillatory with respect to said trame, a lever oscillatory with respect vto the frame and-operatively associated-with the body to move' the same with vari able mechanical advantage, and linkage connecting said motor with said lever for the oscillation thereof with mechanical tioned mechanical advantage.

2. ln an oscillatory hoisting inechanisn'i, a traine, a motor thereon, a body oscillatory advantage variable inversely to the first nienwith respect to said frame, a lever oscillay tory with respect to the frame and operatively associated with the body to move vthe saine with variable mechanical advantage, and linkage connecting said motor with said lever for the oscillation .thereof -with ineclianical advantage variable inversely and substantially proportionately to the iirstinen-v tioned mechanical advantage. y

3. In an oscillatory hoisting mechanism, a traine, a motorthereon, a body `oscillatory with respect to the Jframe, a lever oscillatory with respect to the traine and operatively associated witlithe body to inove the saine by theexertion of the power from progressivo-v ly varying distances from the lever fulcrum as the leverswings, and motion transmitting mechanism including a link connecting said lever with said motor adapted to transmit lpower to the leverwith a mechanical advantage -variable inversely to the first nientioned mechanical advantage.

'4. In' a dumping mechanism, the combi' "sively 'increasingetfective radius during the whereby the -means for applying power to the lever acts with mechanical advantage variable inversely'to the lirst mentioned me- 4chanical advantage.

."i. ln a dumping mechanism, thecOmbination with -a support, ot a body pivotally connected with the support, a lever fnlcrumed on the support to move the body, means tor transmitting power from the lever to the body at progressively varying dietances from the lever tulcrnm as the lever swings, a lever actuating member mounted on the support, and a link connection between said member' and the lever adapted to extend the cti'ective radius at -which power isV supplied to the lever during the initial stages ot itsl body lifting' movement, whereby tocompensate i'or the increase in distance trom the lever itulcrnm at which the lever acts' upon the body as the latter tilts. I,

tt. ln a dumpingl mechanism, the combination with a support, ot a load carrying body, a body actnatinejlever, said lever and body having spaced inlcrum connections with the support, a motori tor transmitting' power to the lever,l means lor permitting the lever to acty upon the body with variable mechanical advantage, and means Ytor transmitting power Ytrom said motor to the lever adapted to vary the mechanical advantage with which power is transmitted from the motor to the lever inversely and substantially in proportion to the variation in the said -flrst mentioned mechanical advantage.

T. rlhe combination with a motor driven vehicle having a main trame, ot' a load ca rrying body tulcruined tor tilting movement trom a normal -load carrying to a dumping position, a. lever pivoted to said trame, a lever actuating member movable substantially in a horizontal plane and having inclined link connection. with said lever, and a bearing on the body against which said liever initially bears substantially in a line extending from the lever pivot through the point of link cn- ;g'agement with the lever, the arrangenient 'being snch that the lever and the body may be swung in the same direction Yfor a dumping operation and the link connection s1- mnltaneonsly moved toward the horizontal plane ol movement ot the lever actuating member,

the combination with a motor driven vehicle having a main traine, ot a load carrying body pivotally connected near its rear end with said i'rame, a normally horizontal body tilting' lever having' its rear end connected witlrthe traine, a hydraulic motorliaving a horizontally disposed cylindersupported by the trame between vit and said body and provided with a piston having' a Ytor-wardly extending piston rod, forwardly and normally downwardly 'inelined linkage connecting the piston rod with the lever and adapted to swing the lever, includingthat portion `ot the same to which the linkage is connected, upwardly and rearwardly to tilt the body to dumping position.

9. Dumping mechanism inelirding the combination ywith a load carrying body fulerumed yfor tilting movement from a normal load carry-ingto dnn'iping position, of a body tilting lever normally substantially horizontal and fulcru'med to swing in the same direction as the body, a bearing on the body normally substantially below its center of 'gravity and adapted to be continnously engaged by said-lever during a tilting n'iovenlent, a horizontally movable, fluid actuated i'iiember, located abbve the -lever and having inclined link connection therewith at a point between the lever fulci'um and the point of engagement with the load..

llt). Dumping mechanism inclnding the combination ol a'main frame, a load carrying body pivotallyconnected with the main trame, a body tilting lever pivotally connected with the main frame on an axis parallel with and in advance ot the body connection` said lever being adapted to swing upwardly and in the direction of body tilting movement, and lever actuating mechanism located between said pivotal axes and between the main traine'and the body.

il. ',lhe combination with the main frame ol a vehicle, ot a tilting body pivoted thereto andadapted to swing from load carrying to dumping position, a body actuating leverpivoted tothe main frame and adapted toswing in the direction ol' body tilting movement, a lever actuating' device movable in the space betweenv the main frame and the load supporting portion ot' the body and ha ving` downwardly and forwardly extending link connection with the lever, and a carriage movably supported by the' main frame in supporting relation to the power receiving end otl said link connection.

1Q. rlhe combination with Athe main l'rame oi" a vehicle, oi' a body pivoted thereto at its rear endand adapted to be tilted ,from load carrying to dumping position, a lever having its rear end portion pivotally connected to the traine in advance ot the body pivot and normally disposed in a substantially horizontal. position, a. tluid actuated n'ieinber movable in the space between the, lever and body pivots and between the main [ii-anic and the load carrying portion ot the body. tension connections between .said member and the lever, and a bearing carried by the body in the path of the lever in advance ot said tension'connections and adapted `to receive pressure engagement ot the lever in all stages ol the body tilting movement, said lever being located at a substantial distance below the level of the fluid llt) llt)

cylinder disposedsubstantially horizontally actuating member and aaid bearing onthe body being normally substantially 1n an oblique line extendin frornthe lever pivot through the point vv eresaid tension con-` nections engage the lever.

13. The combination with a'vehicle hav ing a motor drivenlshaft, a main frame provided'with a tilting body,- a lever for actuating said body operable in the space above the mainframe, a hydraulic jack having a and provided with a lever actuating piston rod, a carriage loosely supporting the outer end ofthe piston rod and adapted for` movement longitudinally along said frame,V link connections lbetween the carriage and the lever, a pump having supply and delivery connections with the respective ends of said A' jack, a by-pass between said connections, a

valve for controlling said -by-pass, means for actuating the pump from said motor` driven shaft, `and means connected with saidk carriage for actuating said valve'to by-pass the pumped liquid from the delivery to the supply side of they pump connectionsI at a predetermined stage' of carriage movement.

14. In a dumping vehicle the combination with .a supportingframe, of a dumping of said pump, a lever` for actuatingsa-id v valve, means for normally actuating said4 lever to .valve 'closing position, means for manually actuating said lever to valve openmg position, andactuating connections between'the carriage and said lever adapted at a predetermined stage in the movement of Said carriage to automatically swing said jlever to valve opening position.

RiioHARn RADD'ATZ. 

